Third, countries can combine financial and non-financial incentives to attract and retain physicians in underserved communities. For instance, Chile provides a promising example, where several incentives are combined to attract physicians to work in rural PHC hospital and health centres for a minimum of three years to a maximum of six years (Pena et al., 2010[58]). The programme, called the Chilean Rural Practitioner Programme, entails 1) monetary compensation (direct and indirect financial incentives such as additional compensation depending on the level of isolation, performance bonus, installation and transport costs), 2) education incentives (four week clerkship with physicians, 3) management, environment and social support interventions (paid continuous medical education, additional days for personal reason, and additional week off) and 4) external incentives (better equipment, better connectivity, and internet ad mobile phone access) (Pena et al., 2010[58]). The programme has been found successful: the number of applicants exceeded the number of available positions, high retention rates, and high satisfaction rates from applicants (Pena et al., 2010[58]). While dropouts from the programme are exceptional, around 60% of participants stay for the maximum period (six years).
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